Italian universities are among the oldest. Higher education examinations are held after the teaching period and are mainly oral exams. Furthermore, examinations take place over 4 to 6 weeks, and students can choose when to schedule their exams within the period. Based on the Bologna Process, the education system in Italy was reformed in 1999, since then, Italy has implemented a 3-cycle system consisting of:
First Cycle: Bachelor degrees (3 years)
Second Cycle: Master degrees (1-2 years)
Third Cycle: Doctorate (5-6 years)
The university sector is made up of 89 university institutions